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Operation Returning Echo (מבצע הד חוזר) was an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) military operation in the Gaza Strip from March 9 until March 14, 2012. It was the worst outbreak of violence covered by the media in the region since the 2008–2009 Gaza War (Operation Cast Lead). On March 9, Israel carried out a targeted air strike in the Gaza Strip killing Zohair al-Qaisi, the secretary general of the Popular Resistance Committees (PRC). Another militant was also killed in the strike which also seriously injuring a man nearby. According to the IDF, though the PRC denies this, Al-Qaisi had overseen the 2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks, which killed eight Israelis including six civilians.〔(South bombarded by rockets after air force kills Gaza terror head ), Times of Israel March 9, 2012〕 Israeli officials said that he was preparing the final stages of a new mega-attack that could have claimed multiple lives.〔(IDF: Killed terror chief planned mega-attack ), Ynet News. March 9, 2012〕 Palestinian militant groups retaliated〔(At least 15 killed in Israeli air strikes on Gaza ) at The Guardian,10 March 2012:The strikes began on Friday, when Israeli air raids killed the senior militant leader Zohair al-Qaisi, the secretary general of the Popular Resistance Committees (PRC). Israel claimed he was targeted because he was planning an attack. Militants retaliated with a fierce rocket attack on Israel's southern border communities, which seriously wounded one civilian.〕〔('Israel launches deadly air strikes on Gaza,' ) BBC, 10 March 2012:'The Israeli military said dozens of rockets had been fired into Israel.... Some of the rockets had been intercepted by Israel's "Iron Dome" anti-missile system, she added... The rockets were apparently fired in retaliation for the killing of PRC leaders.'〕 by launching rocket attacks on Israel, with over 300 Grad missiles, Qassam rockets and mortar shells launched, of which 177 hit Israeli territory〔(Rockets and Mortar Shells Fired at Israel ), at Jewish Virtual Library, 9–15 March 2012.〕 striking the major urban centers of Ashdod, Ashkelon and Beersheba, as well as smaller communities. Twenty-three Israelis were injured, all of them civilians, and schools throughout southern Israel were kept closed for most of the week to protect students from rocket fire. Israel's Iron Dome missile defense system intercepted many of the Palestinian-launched projectiles aimed at large cities, shooting down 56 rockets in 71 attempts.〔(Following rocket attacks, many Netivot students stay at home ), Times of Israel 14-03-2012〕〔(Violence Continues for Israel and Militants ), IHT March 10, 2012〕〔(Some 100 rockets hit Israel since Friday ), Ynet News. March 10, 2012〕〔〔(MDA: Total of 8 people injured by rocket, mortar shell fire ), ''Jerusalem Post'' March 9, 2012〕〔(Over 130 rockets fired at Israel from Gaza, IAF targets terror sites ), IDF Spokesperson March 10, 2012〕〔(Defense Minister praises Iron Dome operators ), IDF Spokesperson March 10, 2012〕〔(South under fire: 35 people required medical treatment since Friday ), Ynet News. March 12, 2012〕 Israel attacked with 37 air strikes on Gazan weapons storage facilities, rocket launching sites, weapon manufacturing facilities, training bases, posts, tunnels and militants, killing 22, mostly from Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the others from the Popular Resistance Committees. Four civilians were killed as well.〔(Israeli airstrikes kill 15 in Gaza; militants fire barrage of rockets ), Washington Post March 10, 2012〕〔(Gaza militants fire rocket at Israeli town, despite truce ), Haaretz 13-03-12〕〔(Israeli airstrike kills commander, 15 militants in Gaza ), USA Today March 10, 2012〕〔(IAF strike on rocket squad brings Gaza death toll to 16 ), ''Jerusalem Post'' March 11, 2012〕〔(3 Palestinians killed in Israeli airstrikes ), WGME March 11, 2012〕 Another 74 Palestinians were reportedly injured during the conflict, mostly civilians.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=23 killed in Israel-Gaza violence )〕 Some deaths and injuries among Palestinian civilians during the escalation, which were reported as casualties of the clashes, were later shown to be unrelated to Israeli actions.,.〔〔〔 The United States, France, and an official from the United Nations condemned the Palestinian attacks, and the US stressed that Israel has the right to defend itself.〔(Israel kills five more Gaza militants; rockets hit Israel ), Reuters March 10, 2012〕〔(Clinton condemns rocket fire on Israel ), ''Jerusalem Post'' March 10, 2012〕 The Organization of the Islamic Conference, the Arab League, Syria, Egypt and Iran condemned Israel's responsive air strikes on militants.〔(OIC Blasts Israeli Aggression on Gaza ), KUNA March 11, 2012〕〔(Egypt condemns Israeli strikes on Gaza ), Ynet News. March 10, 2012〕〔(Barak warns Gaza flare-up may last several more days ), Times of Israel March 10, 2012〕〔(Arab League, Egypt FM condemn IDF operations in Gaza ), ''Jerusalem Post'' March 11, 2012〕〔(Syria condemns Israel over Gaza airstrikes ), Ynet News 13-03-2012〕〔(Iran condemns Israel’s new attacks against Gaza Strip ), Press TV 13-03-2012〕 On March 13, Egypt brokered a ceasefire between Israel and Palestinian militant groups. Hamas did not participate in the fighting directly, and insisted that all-out war would "be devastating to the Palestinian people." ==Background== (詳細はIsrael on Highway 12 near the Egyptian border by a squad of presumably 12 militants in four groups. The militants first opened fire at an Egged No. 392 bus as it was traveling on Highway 12 in the Negev near Eilat. Several minutes later, a bomb was detonated next to an Israeli army patrol along Israel's border with Egypt. In a third attack, an anti-tank missile hit a private vehicle, killing four civilians. Eight Israelis – six civilians, one Yamam special Unit police officer and one Golani Brigade soldier—were killed in the multiple-stage attack. The Israeli security forces reported eight attackers killed, and Egyptian security forces reported killing another two.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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